bladder cancer info

Prostrate Cancer – Prevention And Cure

Prostate cancer is the growth of malignant cells in the prostate, walnut-size gland located just below the bladder in men, which produces about 30 percent of the fluid portion of semen.prostate cancer is common: Men have a lifetime chance of between one in 10 and one in 13 of developing the disease. It is the most commonly diagnosed male cancer and the second leading cause of male cancer deaths. Indeed, autopsy studies have shown that 60 to 70 percent of all men who reach the age of 80 have at least some microscopic evidence of prostate cancer. Symptoms do not occur until the cancer has spread beyond the prostate, highlighting the importance of regular checkups.

Because prostate cancer tends to grow very slowly and takes years to spread, immediate and aggressive treatment may not be advised in older men. For such patients a diagnosis of prostate cancer may warrant a strategy of watchful waiting. This involves regular examinations and bloods tests, but treatment is undertaken only if evidence indicates tumor growth. The specific treatment plan depends upon a number of factors: the patients age, the characteristics of the cancerous cells, the size of the tumor, whether cancer appears to have spread to other sites, and the risk of complications. Prostate cancer may be cured by removing the prostate gland before the cancer has spread. However, much controversy prevails about when to advise surgery because it is not possible to predict which cancers will spread and which will not. There is no cure once the cancer has spread beyond the prostate according to conventional medicine but it is being defied by alternative and homeopathic treatments. In some cases though, prostate cancer never spreads, and in general, the outlook is good when the cancer is detected early.

For accuracy and balance we have to view first the conventional prevention and then the alternative prevention and cure. Men over age 50 should have regular digital rectal examinations (examination of the prostate with a gloved finger) and measurements of PSA to aid in early detection and treatment. Men at high risk should begin testing between 40 and 45.

How To Cure It

In advance cases in which the cancer has spread, surgical removal of the testicles or hormone therapy which involves the administration of substances that block the release of function of male hormones) may slow the growth of prostate cancer and thus minimize or arrest the further spread of the cancer. Chemotherapy is used when hormonal therapy is unable to control tumor growth. Radiation therapy to destroy cancerous cells may be recommended for somewhat older men or those who are unable to withstand surgery. Total surgical removal of the prostate gland is the most common treatment; it usually includes removal of nearby lymph nodes. A better understanding of the location of structures important for erectile function and urinary control have greatly reduced the risk of impotence and incontinence. Surgery is generally recommended for men in their 50’s and 60’s. Prostate cancer tends to grow very slowly; a common management strategy is watchful waiting, which involves regular physical examinations and measurements of PSA to monitor the progress of the tumor, with more aggressive treatment advised when warranted. Watchful waiting is often recommended for men in their 70’s and 80’s who are thought to have localized cancer. People who are now looking for alternative prevention and cure are now increasing. These treatments are not only dealing with the effects but are digging deeper to treat the cause. That’s why most of it are all effective if applied properly. All alternative prevention and cure are non invasive and the one that you’re going to see is very powerful and its one of the most highly recommended treatment by almost 15,000 European doctors. So far this the best and the hottest alternative prostate cancer – prevention and cure as provided by the “one minute cure for all diseases” we all know that this prevention and cure has gain prominence to a lot of people. The claim is so simple; studies unveiled that if you deprive a cell 35% of its required levels of oxygen for 48 hours, the cell will become cancerous. Most people don’t know is that lack of oxygen is not only the underlying cause of cancer but is also the cause of most diseases. When the body is supplied and delivered with abundant amounts of oxygen, no cancer cells, viruses, harmful bacteria, toxins, pathogens and disease microorganisms can survive because they cannot survive in a highly oxygenated environment in our bodies.

For further information and knowledge about prostate cancer – prevention and cure and for more articles about the causes, symptoms and diagnosis of prostate cancer Just follow the link and watch also the 5minute video presentation for final assessment:

http://curewithinoneminute.com

Kidney cancer: Kidneys are the most important organs which are useful in removing waste from blood. Kidneys are located in the either side of the spine. These are part of urinary tract.  Kidneys control the production of red blood cells and blood pressure of the body.

Cancer occurs in the kidney cells, generally cells are the building blocks of tissues which builds organs. These cells divide and multiply when the body requires them. During this process old cells are replaced by new one and old one gets die, this is the life cycle of the cells. If this life process goes wrong then there will be unusual growth in the cells and forms mass tissue which is named as tumor.

Tumors are of two types, they are as follows:

Benign tumor Malignant tumor

Benign tumor: This tumor is not cancerous. They can be treated easily. They don’t spread to other parts of the body.

Malignant tumor: This tumor is cancerous, they causes damage to the adjacent organs by spreading the cancer cells at high rate. The cells in this tumor invade the distant organs and forms new tumors through blood flow or by lymphatic system.

Kidney cancer is named in many ways like Hypernephroma, Renal adenocarcinoma and renal cell cancer. Kidney cancer generally occurs in the inner lining of tiny tubes inside the kidneys. Kidney cancer mostly occurs in the adults who are over 40 years of age.

Causes of kidney cancer:

Smoking: This activity is the major risk factor in causing cancer. Smoking leads to lung cancer and also causes several side effects like digestion problem, burning sensation, headache and site blindness. So avoid smoking to prevent cancer from occurrence.

Alcohol: Taking of alcohols will reduce the performance of body immune system which increases the risk factors.

Obesity: Obesity increases the chances of having kidney cancer due to decrease in immune rate in the body system.

Diabetes: Diabetes leads to the occurrence of this cancer disease due to insulin dependency at high rate.

These are the driving factors that can improve the chance of occurring kidney cancer.

Symptoms of kidney cancer:

Blood in the urine Loss of weight Presence of lump in the abdomen Pain in the abdomen region Appetite failure.

There is a chance of causing several cancers in the kidney. Renal cell cancer is the most common type of kidney cancer. It generally occurs in adults. Renal cell cancer is also called as adenocarcinoma or hypernephroma.There is another type of kidney cancer which is called as transitional cell carcinoma, this cancer makes severe damage to the renal pelvis, the lower part of the abdomen region. This kind of kidney cancer is similar to bladder cancer. Kidney cancer in children is called as Wilms tumor. This cancer is entirely different from adult kidney cancer and the treatment for this type of cancer is entirely different.

Kidney cancer can spread through out the body, they can spread to liver, bones or lungs. If one kidney affected by cancer cells other kidney can also be effected. The nearby lymph nodes will be affected by the cancer cells. Spreading of cancer cells is termed as metastasizes. If the liver is affected by the kidney cancer cells then the disease is called as metastatic kidney cancer, not liver cancer.

Treatment for Kidney cancer: Generally for every cancer treatment following factors are considered like age, health condition and the stage of the cancer. By considering these factors the treatment is carried.

The best way to treat kidney cancer is by:

Surgery: Surgery is carried to remove the kidney cancer tumor. Surgery can be carried in the early stages of the tumor occurrence. Surgery is taken place only if the cancer is located in only one part of the body. During the surgery process the damaged lymph nodes are also removed along with the tumor. This surgery process depends on the location, area and size of the tumor. If the severity of this disease increases, one of the effected kidneys will be removed.

Radiotherapy: Radiotherapy is also a useful process in removing cancer cells by using high energy x-rays. These high energy x-rays are aimed at the cancer affected part to destroy the cancer cells in kidney.

Chemotherapy or Biological therapy: Chemotherapy drugs are called as anti-cancer drugs used to destroy cancer cells .There are many types of Chemotherapy drugs available in the market for the treatment of cancer. These drugs are available in the form of pills but mostly given by drip into the blood veins. Chemotherapeutic drugs attacks the cancer cells by stopping their unusual growth. The nature of the cancer cells were brought to the normal condition by controlling the divisibility of the cells. These drugs are carried in the bloodstream to kill destroy all the cancer cells within short period of time.

This cancer chemotherapy drug can be given at either clinic or at home. The usage of this drug can be daily, weekly or monthly depending on the stage of the cancer and by body immune system. Chemotherapy treatment is given by considering the following basis like age, gender, drug toxicity and body weight. The dosage and usability should be carried under proper supervision.

Kidney cancer is related to the family of malignant tumor, it should be treated in the early stages of occurrence. Kidney cancer cells spread through out the body and causes risk factors in the later stages. So, try to avoid taking smoking and alcohols to prevent kidney cancer

Men are vulnerable to prostate cancer. This kind of cancer is one of the common cancers especially to American men. Prostate cancer questions and answers are important so that a man can avoid acquiring it or even detect prostate problems symptoms. After all, “prevention is better than cure”. Here are basic questions and answers about it:

What is prostate?
Prostate is “a gland in the male reproductive system that produces the majority of fluid that makes up the semen, the thick fluid that carries sperm. The walnut-sized gland is located beneath a man’s bladder and surrounds the upper part of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder. Prostate function is regulated by testosterone, a male sex hormone produced mainly in the testicles.”

How does it grow? When does it occur?
This cancer grows very slowly. According to doctors, prostate cancer occurs when cells in the prostate gland grow out of control.

Are there prostate warning signs?
It is sad to note that there are no early prostate cancer warning signs. However, there are some men who confess that they have prostate infection symptoms like difficulty in urinating and/or discomfort.

What are options for treating a person with prostate cancer?
There are six options that a prostate cancer patient can choose: surgery, chemotherapy, cryotheraphy, hormonal therapy, and/or radiation. The earlier the signs of prostate cancer in men are noticed or detected the better. This is to avoid much complex medical processes. For those who do not have early symptoms prostate cancer, doctors usually recommend “watchful waiting.” A patient is observed for some time until the doctors are able to know the root and the possible cure for it.

What are the misconceptions of prostate cancer?
The top three (3) myth about it are the following:
#1. Although prostate cancer is prevalent, only few men die from it.
This is absolutely wrong. Based on survey, prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among men in United States.
# Elderly men are the ones susceptible to acquiring prostate cancer.
Because there are no early signs of prostate cancer in men, this does not exclude the younger ones. Young men are not excused with this disease. The only truth in this myth is that some men who are in their 40’s or 50’s are diagnosed with prostate cancer.
# 3 You do not have prostate cancer if you do not have prostate problems symptoms. There is a test called PSA test. This is for prostate cancer screening. Without the prostate problems symptoms or prostate cancer warning signs does not mean that you do not have it. To make sure if you have it or not, have PSA test.

What is PSA test? What are its uses?
PSA stands for Prostate Specific Antigen. Wikipedia says it is a protein produced by the cells of the prostate gland. PSA is present in small quantities in the serum of normal men and is often elevated in the presence of prostate cancer and in other prostate disorders. A blood test to measure PSA is considered the most effective test currently available for the early detection of prostate cancer. The rising level of PSA over time are associated with both localized and metastatic prostate cancer.

Breast cancer: Breast cancer is the common type of cancer mostly found in women. This breast cancer occurs due to the abnormality growth of lump (mammogram) in the breast or due to rapid change in the consistency of breast tissue leads to breast cancer. Due to the increase in medical treatments and advanced screening techniques the death rate of breast cancer reduced to 20 percent.Breast cancer  causes lung , brain and bone cancer due to metastatic cancer cells.

Breast cancer is a combination of several diseases with different types of causes, symptoms and treatments. It is of many types, in which abnormal growth of cells is common in all of them. Cells are the basic unit of life, they grow and divide into more cells when the body requires them. These cells forms the tissues and then organs, they are the building blocks of the body system. If there is an abnormal growth and division of cells without any controlling limit, then it results in forming tumor (excess tissue) in the body.

When the breast cancer cells spreads from the lymph nodes, they cause severe damage to other parts of the body. The most common parts are brain, liver, lungs and bones. The new tumor produced in the other part contains same characteristics of primary one. For examples if the breast cancer is spreads to the liver then the cancer is termed as metastatic breast cancer but not as liver cancer.

Causes of breast cancer: The main cause for breast cancer is not identified but the risk factors for the breast cancer are identified and here is the list.

Risk factors for breast cancer:

• Age: Age plays key role in defining breast cancer. People with above 40 will generally face this problem.

• Gender: Breast cancer occurs mostly to women. Only 1 percent of men face this problem.

•Family history: Breast cancer can be transmitted by the family hereditary. So please take regular checkups for reducing the risk factor of having breast cancer.

•Gene changes: Gene changes will increase the risk factor of having breast cancer. Changes in gene’s like BRCA1 and BRCA2 causes breast cancer. So have a checkup by your health care provider to reduce the risk.

•Lack of physical activity: Yes lack of physical activity increases the chances of having breast cancer in woman due to excess fat storage in the breast lymph nodes .Going for regular workout will reduces the risk of having breast cancer.

•Being overweight: Being over weight resembles weak immune system. So, women with obesity problems have more chances to fallen for breast cancer.

•Smoking/Alcohols: Smoking of tobacco and drinking of alcohol increases the risk factors for sure. So please avoid them.

•Breast density: Due to dense breast tissue the chances of having breast cancer increases.

• Diethylstilbestrol: women who take this DES (Diethylstilbestrol) during pregnancy period will have more chances in getting breast cancer. So avoid taking DES.

•Radiation therapy: Women who take radiation therapy on chest in the young age have more chances to face gynecologic cancer after 40 years of age.

Symptoms of Breast cancer: These are the common symptoms that appear in the breast cancer woman.

• Change in nipple size.
• Change in feeling of nipple
• Nipple tenderness
• Thickening of the breast area
• Change in shape of the breast
• Nipple discharge
• Swelling in the breast part
• Breast infections.

Treatment of Breast cancer:

Surgery: Surgery is the most common type of treatment followed to remove the cancer tumor. Depending upon the severity of the breast cancer, operation process is decided by the doctor.

Breast sparing surgery: This operation is carried to remove only the breast tumor but not the entire breast. So, this operation is named as breast-sparing surgery. The doctor also makes a small incision to know whether the cells have entered the lymphatic system.After this treatment process, the patient is taken for radiotherapy to kill the remaining cancer cells.

Mastectomy: Here in this operation process the entire breast is removed .This operation process is carried to remove the entire breast or much of the breast tissue along with lymph nodes. After this operation process the patient will go for radiotherapy for the complete destruction of cancer cells.

Chemotherapy: This treatment is given in the early stages of occurrence. Chemotherapy is one of the treatment methods useful in killing cancer causing cells by the usage of drugs. This treatment process is carried by either pills or through intravascular injections. The anti-cancer drug enters into the bloodstream and travels towards the damaged tissues and destroys the caner cells.Chemotherapeutic drugs attacks the cancer cells by stopping their unusual growth. The nature of the cancer cells were brought to the normal condition by controlling the divisibility of the cells. These drugs are carried in the bloodstream to kill destroy all the cancer cells within short period of time.

This cancer chemotherapy drug can be given at either clinic or at home. The usage of this drug can be daily, weekly or monthly depending on the stage of the cancer and body immune system. Chemotherapy treatment is given by considering the following basis like age, gender, drug toxicity and body weight. The dosage and usability should be carried under proper supervision.

Radiotherapy: Radiotherapy is a useful process for removing cancer cells by using high intensity x-ray beams. These high energy x-rays are aimed at the cancer affected part of the breast tissue to destroy the cancer cells in it. This process also causes damage to the normal cells for its side effects. There are two types of radiotherapy treatments they are.

• External Radiations: Radiations are given from the outer side of the breast by aiming at the effected part.

• Internal Radiations: Radiations are passed into the body by making some small incisions in the breast area. This treatment gives better results than the external radiation therapy.

Biological Therapy: Due to weak immune system in the body, there are chances for the development of breast cancer. So this Biotherapy treatment process is useful in rebuilding strong immune system in the body. Biotherapy is also called as immunotherapy or biological response modifier therapy. This treatment process is really useful in repairing, enhancing and stimulating the weak immune system of the body. This process can be carried along with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Breast cancer is treated as a serious problem due to its effects. Bladder cancer can spread to other parts of the body .Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are the best treatment methods for curing breast cancer.

American Cancer Society (ACS) made a presentation regarding the Cancer Statics 2009. ACS revealed that cancer is the second most common factor of death not only in the United States of America but also all over the world in 2006. They have estimated that in USA alone in the year 2009 292,540 men and 269,800 women will die due to cancer. The leading kind of cancer for men and women is lung and bronchus cancer. Secondary kind for men is the prostate cancer while for women it is breast cancer. The study revealed a declining rate of deaths especially in prostate cancer due to detection and early treatment. Signs of prostate cancer in men must be taken seriously so that in case a man has such type of cancer, he will have a better chance of survival. If early symptoms prostate cancer are diagnosed, there is a possibility that the patient or prostate cancer victim will be given new cancer drugs or will be able to undergo the latest treatment on prostate cancer.

What are the signs of prostate cancer in men? This is the common query in prostate cancer questions and answers bulletin or section. The problem is that men do not experience early prostate cancer warning signs. Usually, doctors cannot identify a prostate cancer victim immediately. Patients are accidentally identified or diagnosed because of other diseases which the doctor think the patient has. If doctors do a physical examination, like a finger exam, it might be the time that they will know a tumor or enlarged prostate gland. Based on observation, these are what the prostate cancer patient experiences:

1.    Men who have this kind of cancer urinate frequently during day and night time.
2.    They experience problems in starting and stopping the urinary stream. Sometimes they feel like urinating but they are not actually able to urinate. Or they are able to urinate but with flow interruptions or a very weak flow. Only a very small amount of urine is released.
3.    They have a weak or interrupted stream. If the man with prostate cancer is able to urinate or pee, he feels that his bladder is still full. Doctors call this as full bladder sensation.
4.    They feel excruciating pain during urination or ejaculation.
5.    They see blood in their semen or urine.
6.    Pain is experienced by them in their lower back or pelvic region.
7.    
Knowing the signs of prostate cancer in men is not enough. The above-mentioned symptoms may also be signs of other diseases. To make sure whether or not you have this type of cancer, a man may undergo Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) Test. PSA is adhered as the most effective test presently available for the early detection of prostate cancer. It measures the prostate-specific antigen in the blood.

In case, you have undergone PSA and the result is negative, you should be thankful about it. If you are a man over fifty years old, you are prone to having prostate cancer. To clear your clouded thoughts, you undergo PSA. The earlier you know that you have prostate cancer, the better is the chance for you to avail the latest treatment in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed cancer and is the common cause of cancer deaths among men. The sad fact about this is that most men do not realize that they acquire this killer disease until it has already spread. This type of cancer spreads rapidly but it can be prevented earlier once you know the prostate cancer symptoms you have to watch out for.
Having prostate cancer can affect your overall wellness. It can stop you from doing activities you normally do. It can affect your relationship with other people and even your sex life. Most prostate cancer patients failed to recognize prostate cancer symptoms earlier that they often found out too late. Luckily, you can avoid being one of them by keeping yourself well informed about this dreaded ailment. 

Just like other diseases, prostate cancer has several symptoms. Though older men from 50 years old and above are prone to it, still it helps to know the signs of this killer disease earlier in life. Below are five prostate cancer symptoms you need to be aware of for early detection of the killer disease.

1. Difficulties during urination
Top on the list among the prostate cancer symptoms is urinary difficulties. Since the bladder and the prostate are close to each other, the tumors that grow on the prostate press the bladder causing difficulty in urinating. This is the most obvious among prostate cancer symptoms.

2. Presence of blood in the urine
The presence of blood during urination is one of the prostate cancer symptoms you must know. When the patient is already experiencing this, it is now advisable for him to go to his doctor. Though, this doesn’t necessarily mean that one has already cancer since some of the urinary tract infections also experience the same symptom, an early check up is still advisable.

3. Difficulties during erection
Prostate cancer symptoms include difficulties during erection. This kind of cancer affects the sexual life of the patient. He gets the inability to get and maintain an erection. Sometimes he experiences painful ejaculation. The prostate is a part of the male reproductive system so it is only normal that symptoms may affect other sex organs. If you have been experiencing the same scenario, you might as well see your doctor to be diagnosed instead of waiting for other prostate cancer symptoms.

4. Legs start to swell
Perhaps, you may wonder why swelling of the legs is considered as one of the many prostate cancer symptoms. Well, as the disease continues to grow, it will also spread to the lymph nodes. When this happens, legs begin to swell. Sometimes, the swelling also cause hips and buttocks to experience severe pain.

5. Pelvic discomfort
Prostate cancer symptoms like having severe discomfort on the pelvis, roots from having affected lymph nodes. The nodes squeeze the pelvis causing pain. To prevent prostate cancer, the five early prostate cancer symptoms should be taken into consideration. Consult your doctor immediately once you experience these symptoms for treatments. It is the best way to fight prostate cancer before it gets worse.

Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin malignancy in men and is responsible for more deaths than by any other cancer, except for by lung cancer.

What is Prostate Cancer?

Abnormal cell growths are called tumors. Prostate cancer typically is comprised of multiple, very small, primary tumors within the prostate. The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system that produces the majority of fluid that makes up the semen, the thick fluid that carries sperm. The walnut-sized gland is located beneath a man’s bladder and surrounds the upper part of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder. The prostate is a common site for cancer to develop in men, particularly after the age of 50.

Possible signs of Prostate Disease

Prostate Cancer often has no symptoms until it becomes advanced, by which time the opportunity for cure can have been missed.  It can be tested for by a blood test called PSA (prostate specific antigen), but owing to the test’s variable accuracy, the result must be interpreted with great care, preferably by a qualified Prostate Specialist. Other symptoms of prostate disease that should be investigated by a Prostate Specialist include :

Trouble urinating and Weak or interrupted flow of urine.

Frequent urination (especially at night).

Pain or burning during urination.

Blood in the urine or semen.

A pain in the back, hips, or pelvis that doesn’t go away.

Painful ejaculation.

What are some of the treatment options for prostate cancer?

The treatment options for prostate cancer depend in part on whether the tumor has spread. For tumors that are still inside the prostate, radiation therapy (using x-rays that kill the cancer cells) or surgery called radical prostatectomy, performed in various reputable London Prostate cancer treatment centers and urology clinics in London, are common treatment options.

What is Prostate Drainage?

Prostate drainage is the common term for prostate detoxification. The prostate has an affinity for holding fatty deposits that accumulate from the consumption of fatty foods. The accumulation, over years and even decades of a fat-rich diet, leads to blockages of the acini in the prostate. These blockages can trap and hold bacteria in the prostate.

Prostate Cancer Prevention Strategies

The ultimate goal of prostate cancer prevention strategies is to prevent men from developing the prostate disease. London has many physicians who specialise in the management of prostate cancer. In spite of significant progress in research over the past 16 years, this goal has not yet been achieved. Studies do suggest however that dietary and pharmacological measures may reduce some of the risks associated with prostate cancer. Both genetic and environmental risk factors for prostate cancer have also been identified, but the evidence is not yet strong enough to be helpful to predict developing prostate cancer. Screening for prostate cancer initially involves a blood test for PSA, and depending on the result further tests may be required. Screening is probably of greatest benefit to men between 50 and 70 years of age, or from 40 years for men who are Afro-Caribean or have a family history. However, it is important to first understand the particular benefits and harm that may arise from testing and very early treatment of prostate cancer. Screening can be done through a Prostate Specialist London.

Kidney cancer surgery in India at Mumbai and Delhi is very popular as facilities provided by Indian hospitals are comparable with any other major hospital world-wide. Indian surgeons are leaders in diagnosing and treating people with kidney cancer, and bring comprehensive, compassionate care to each patient coming for kidney cancer surgery in India supported by an array of state-of-the-art equipments to offer services that are unique and far superior to anything presently available. Over the years Indian hospitals at Mumbai and Delhi have been treating patients from various countries like USA, UK, Canada, Pakistan, Iran, Malaysia, Oman etc with a commitment to provide quality services, compassion and competence in order to meet all kinds of needs of patients coming from all over the world.

Types of kidney cancer surgery
Curing cancer that has not spread

Stage 1 and 2 cancers are most likely to be curable with surgery. It is sometimes possible to cure stage 3 cancers with surgery if the surgeon can get all the cancer out. Either the whole kidney (radical nephrectomy) or just the affected part of the kidney (partial nephrectomy) can be removed.

Radical nephrectomy

This is the most common type of surgery for kidney cancer that has not spread. The surgeon will remove the whole kidney with the tissues around it, including the adrenal gland. The adrenal gland is attached to the kidney. Some lymph nodes in the area will also be removed. The surgery is fairly major but if your cancer has not spread, this is all the treatment you will need.

Partial nephrectomy

This means removing the cancer and part of the kidney surrounding it. Some of the kidney is left behind. You may hear your doctor call this ‘nephron sparing surgery’. The nephron is the filtering unit of the kidney, so this just means that you will have some working kidney left after the operation.

Nephron sparing surgery only used to be done in special cases, for example if

Your other kidney is damaged

You only have one kidney

You have cancer in both kidneys

Keyhole surgery

Doctors prefer to call this ‘minimal access surgery’ or ‘laparoscopic surgery’. It means having an operation without needing a major incision (wound site). The surgeon uses an instrument that is a bit like a telescope. This is called a laparoscope. It has a camera so the surgeon can see inside the body. The surgeon will usually make a number of small cuts through your skin. They can put the laparoscope and other small instruments through these to carry out the surgery. So you will end up with 3 or 4 small wounds, each a centimeter or so long. The surgeon can manipulate the instruments and watch what he or she is doing on the camera. It is possible for an experienced surgeon to remove a whole kidney or part of a kidney using laparoscopic surgery. The advantages of laparoscopic surgery over normal ‘open’ surgery are

You are likely to be more comfortable and need less painkilling medication after your operation

You can usually go home from hospital more quickly

You usually recover from the operation more quickly

There are drawbacks. The operation may take longer, so you may be under anaesthetic for longer. In about 1 in 100 (1%) of these operations, the surgeon has to switch to regular ‘open’ surgery during the procedure. This could be because the position or size of the tumour makes it difficult to reach, or because there is difficulty controlling bleeding.

Treatment after surgery

In most cases, the operation to remove your kidney will not affect your bladder. This means you will not need a urostomy (a bag to collect your urine). But you might need a drainage tube (urinary catheter) from your bladder for a few days after your operation.

If your surgeon is satisfied that all the cancer has been removed, you won’t need any further treatment. If the surgeon is concerned that some cancer cells may have been left behind, you may need to have immunotherapy treatment. In some cases, you may be offered a course of radiotherapy.

Relieving symptoms

Even if your cancer is unlikely to be cured with surgery, it may still be worth you having an operation to remove it. Your doctor may call this a palliative nephrectomy. Sometimes the primary cancer causes troublesome symptoms that can be successfully treated by removing the kidney. The kidney tumour may be causing you pain locally, or causing blood in your urine. Or you may have general symptoms such as fevers or weakness. The tumour can upset levels of chemicals in your blood, which can cause all sorts of symptoms, including sickness or drowsiness. In kidney cancer, general symptoms are sometimes caused by chemicals called cytokines that are released by the tumour. Removing the tumour can get rid of these symptoms.

Removing cancer spread

This is very specialist surgery. It is becoming more common as it is possible to slow down a cancer and so give a longer and better quality of life to those with advanced cancer. In some cases, it may even be possible to cure a cancer by removing a single area of cancer spread.

Kidney cancer surgery procedure

Surgery is the most common treatment for kidney cancer. Urologic surgeons at Indian hospitals have extensive experience performing minimally invasive procedures, such as robot-assisted partial nephrectomy, which enables extremely precise incisions and rapid suturing, decreases surgical scarring, and leads to faster postsurgical healing. Indian surgeons also perform other minimally invasive, state-of-the-art techniques such as radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation. Minimally invasive options offer more precisely-targeted procedures to limit tissue damage, speed recovery and ensure as much continued normal kidney function as possible, with the least amount of discomfort and risk of complications. Minimally invasive treatment options are different for each patient depending on the extent of their disease.

Complications of kidney cancer surgery

The commonest complications of surgery are infections and blood clots. Infections can develop in your lungs, or your wound site

The signs of a wound infection are

Redness

Pain

Swelling

Oozing from the wound

Blood clots can develop because you are not moving around as much as usual.

Why India

Super specialty Hospitals of Mumbai and Delhi are one of the most advanced surgical centers for kidney cancer surgery in India.

India, as a destination for medical tourism is not new, for many tourists India offers much cheaper option for kidney cancer surgery without compromising on quality. Medical tourism in India manages every detail to ensure their experience is safe and comfortable, with the highest standards of both medical and non-medical services. Medical tourism in India offers a premium service for patients wishing to benefit from the high quality of Indian medical services and ensures patient’s acceptance into the most appropriate Indian hospital for their medical procedure.

 

What is prostate gland?

The prostate is a glandular organ, about size of a walnut, present in males. The prostate is normally about 3 cm long and it lies at the neck of the bladder and in front of the rectum. The prostate gland produces fluid that makes up part of the semen.

What is prostate cancer?

Prostate cancer is found mainly in older men. As men age, the prostate may get bigger and block the urethra or bladder. This may cause difficulty in urination or can interfere with sexual function. The condition is called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and although it is not cancer, surgery may be needed to correct it. The symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia or of other problems in the prostate may be similar to symptoms of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is often a very slow-growing disease. It can take 10 years or more for a small tumor to spread beyond the gland and pose a serious threat to health.

Cancer occurs when normal cells undergo a transformation in which they grow and multiply without any control. There are four stages of prostate cancer:

Stage I – In stage I, cancer is found in the prostate only. It is usually found accidentally during surgery for other reasons, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Stage II- In stage II, cancer is more advanced than in stage I, but has not spread outside the prostate.

Stage III- In stage III, cancer has spread beyond the outer layer of the prostate to nearby tissues. Cancer may be found in the seminal vesicles.

Stage IV- In stage IV, cancer has metastasized (spread) to lymph nodes near or far from the prostate or to other parts of the body, such as the bladder, rectum, bones, liver, or lungs. Metastatic prostate cancer often spreads to the bones.

Stages Of Prostate Cancer

What are the causes?

The cause of prostate cancer is unknown, but hormonal, genetic, environmental, and dietary factors are thought to play roles. The following risk factors have been linked with development of this condition:

* Age: There is a strong correlation between increasing age and developing prostate cancer. Autopsy records indicate that 70% of men older than 90 years have at least one region of cancer in their prostate.

* Race: African American men are 1.5-2 times more likely than white men to develop prostate cancer.

* Genetic factors: Men, who have a history of prostate cancer in their family, are at an increased risk.

* Diet: A diet high in fat has been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer.

* Chemical agents: Exposure to chemicals such as cadmium has been implicated in the development of prostate cancer.

What are the symptoms?

Prostate cancer can produce many symptoms. Some of them have been listed below. But presence of these symptoms does not necessarily indicate prostate cancer. Other conditions may cause the same symptoms. A doctor should be consulted if any of the following problems occur. Some of the symptoms are:

* Weak or interrupted flow of urine.
* Frequent urination (especially at night).
* Trouble urinating.
* Pain or burning during urination.
* Blood in the urine or semen.
* A pain in the back, hips, or pelvis that doesn’t go away.
* Painful ejaculation.

How is it diagnosed?

The doctor may perform necessary test to detect and diagnose prostate cancer. The following procedures may be used:

* Digital rectal exam (DRE): The doctor inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum and feels the prostate through the rectal wall for lumps or abnormal areas.

Digital rectal exam (DRE)

* Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test: A test that measures the level of PSA in the blood. PSA is a substance made by the prostate that may be found in an increased amount in the blood of men who have prostate cancer. PSA levels may also be high in men who have an infection or inflammation of the prostate or BPH (an enlarged, but noncancerous, prostate).

* Transrectal ultrasound: A procedure in which a probe that is about the size of a finger is inserted into the rectum to check the prostate. The probe is used to bounce high-energy sound waves (ultrasound)

off internal tissues or organs and make echoes. The echoes form a picture of body tissues called a sonogram. Transrectal ultrasound may be used during a biopsy procedure.

Transrectal ultrasound showing a series of prostate ultrasound images used to construct a 3-dimesnsional image of the prostate (volume study) and treatment plan. Key: Red line = prostate; Blue line = limit of radiation to be delivered

* Biopsy: The removal of cells or tissues so they can be viewed under a microscope by a pathologist. The pathologist will examine the biopsy sample to check for cancer cells and determine the Gleason score. The Gleason score ranges from 2-10 and describes how likely it is that a tumor will spread. The lower the number, the less likely the tumor is to spread. There are 2 types of biopsy procedures used to diagnose prostate cancer:

o Transrectal biopsy: The removal of tissue from the prostate by inserting a thin needle through the rectum and into the prostate. This procedure is usually done using transrectal ultrasound to help guide the needle. A pathologist views the tissue under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
o Transperineal biopsy: The removal of tissue from the prostate by inserting a thin needle through the skin between the scrotum and rectum and into the prostate. A pathologist views the tissue under a microscope to look for cancer cells.

If prostate cancer is diagnosed, the other tests( e.g Radionuclide bone scan, MRI. Pelvic lymphadenectomy, Seminal vesicle biopsy) are done to find out if cancer cells have spread within the prostate or to other parts of the body.

What are the treatment options?

Treatments for prostate cancer are effective in most men. But one should remember that they do cause both short- and long-term side effects that may be difficult to accept. So you and your life partner or family members must discuss the treatment options in detail with their urologist and other physicians. It is essential to understand which treatments are available, how effective each is likely to be, and what side effects can be expected. All these must be weighed carefully before making a decision about which course to pursue.

Surgery

There are different types of treatment for patients with prostate cancer. Patients in good health are usually offered surgery as treatment for prostate cancer. The following types of surgery are used :

* Pelvic lymphadenectomy: A surgical procedure to remove the lymph nodes in the pelvis. A pathologist views the tissue under a microscope to look for cancer cells. If the lymph nodes contain cancer, the doctor will not remove the prostate and may recommend other treatment.

* Radical prostatectomy: This approach makes especially good sense for relatively healthy patients under age 65. For one thing, such men generally have the strength to handle a major operation. A surgical procedure to remove the prostate, surrounding tissue, and seminal vesicles. There are 2 types of radical prostatectomy:

o Retropubic prostatectomy: A surgical procedure to remove the prostate through an incision (cut) in the abdominal wall. Removal of nearby lymph nodes may be done at the same time.
o Perineal prostatectomy: A surgical procedure to remove the prostate through an incision (cut) made in the perineum (area between the scrotum and anus). Nearby lymph nodes may also be removed through a separate incision in the abdomen.

* To destroy the local disease
* To shorten hospital stay
* To reduce the number of postoperative morbidities
* To shorten recovery time
* To reduce the cost of the procedure

For more information on Prostate Gland Cancer Surgical Treatment, kindly visit :
http://www.aasthahealthcare.com/Prostate-Cancer-Treatment.htm

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Bladder Cancer Treatment In India

 

Overview

 

Q. What is bladder cancer ?

The bladder is located in the pelvis. It collects and stores urine and has a muscular wall that allows it to contract and expand. About 90 percent of bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma account for most of the rest. Treatment options vary depending on the type of bladder case.

 
Cancer that is only in the bladder lining is called non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). This type of cancer is sometimes called superficial bladder cancer. More than 75 percent of bladder cancer is diagnosed as a NMIBC and it has an excellent survival rate…

 

Symptoms

Generally the first sign is blood in the urine. It may be visible or the amount may be so small that it can only be discovered by chemical testing (’stix’ test).
There does not need to be blood in the urine constantly. In fact, there are often periods in which there is no evidence of blood at all. So one should not be fooled by a symptom that seems to have gone away. There may be frequent urination, stinging and pain across the pubic bone or exactly the same symptoms as in an ordinary bladder infection…

 

Types of bladder cancer

Transitional cell bladder cancer (TCC) is the most common type of bladder cancer. Nearly all cancers of the bladder start in the layer of cells (transitional cells) which form the lining of the bladder (transitional epithelium). These cancers are called transitional cell or urothelial cell cancers.

Bladder cancer may appear as a tumour which has grown into the muscle wall of the bladder. This is known as invasive bladder cancer…

 

Staging

The stage of a cancer describes its size and whether it has spread beyond its original site. Knowing the particular type and the stage of the cancer helps the doctors to decide on the most appropriate treatment.

Cancer can spread in the body, either in the bloodstream or through the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is part of the body’s defence against infection and disease…

 

There are four stages to cancer of the gall bladder : -

The cancer affects only the wall of the gall bladder. Approximately 1 in 4 cancers are at this stage when they are diagnosed. The cancer has spread through the full thickness of the wall of the gall bladder, but has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or adjacent organs. The cancer has spread to lymph nodes close to the gall bladder or has spread to the liver, stomach, colon or the small bowel. The cancer has spread very deeply into two or more organs close to the gall bladder or has spread to distant lymph nodes or organs such as the liver or lungs. This is known as metastatic or secondary cancer…

 

Treatment

The type of treatment you are given will depend on a number of factors, including your general health, the position and size of the cancer in the gall bladder and whether the cancer has spread to other areas of the body…

 

 

 

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